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Mars explorers try to rescue a species extinct

Artist's mammoth

first sequenced the genome of an extinct animal, the mammoth

1 ( CET) MIGUEL G. MADRID .- CORRAL

• The work opens the door to the possibility of rescuing the species from extinction
  
• They got the DNA from hair samples frozen for about 20,000 years
  

Not all tear scientific news of an occurrence or a great board full of indecipherable formulas. The story of the first obtaining the genome of an extinct animal began the discovery of a frozen mammoth somewhere in northernmost Siberia. And it ended today with the publication in the journal Nature sequencing of genetic material (nuclear DNA) of the "woolly mammoth, extinct animal that more than 3,500 years.

died a few days ago Michael Crichton, author of science fiction 'Jurassic Park' and it is inevitable that this research brings us to head to this writer. In the famous novel and the film adaptation directed Stephen Spielberg, the DNA came from blood contained a fossilized mosquito amber after biting a dinosaur. In the real case of the mammoth genome, the key has been in the remains of animal hair, a great source of genetic material.

research opens the door to the possibility of rescue from extinction woolly mammoths. However, it is still far for the current Science. Stephan C. Schuster, one of the principal authors of the research, said the potential developments which may bring the next revolution led by Craig Venter after creating first fully synthetic chromosome . "Someone like Venter can develop a quick way to transform the genome of the mammoth we have in the computer in whole chromosomes. "

That would be the first step. Then we also have to figure out how many chromosomes had the mammoth (even relatives, are not necessarily the same as the elephant, as evidenced by the fact that the chimpanzee, has a pair of chromosomes than humans) and housed in an egg I could carry it out. For now, this is just science fiction.

With mammoth hair found in Siberia, has extracted DNA which has sequenced the genome of the animal. "A genetic sequence does not a living organism," says Jeremy Austin, director of the Center for Ancient DNA University of Adelaide (Australia), "we have a partial sequence of the genome of the mammoth and a considerable number of errors, it would be like trying to build a car with 80% of the parts and knowing that some are broken."

appreciation of Austin is very successful, since research has completely deciphered only between 70 and 80% of the genome of the mammoth. "We align the sequences that we had with the available genome of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana), that way we know where to place each piece of string", says Schuster. Due to the huge similarity between the genomes of different vertebrates, whose genetic makeup already known, including human beings, "the missing pieces have been deduced by comparison with other agencies.

The procedure now used by researchers, is somewhat different from that used in the Human Genome Project. Almost any biological sample, is somehow contaminated by bacteria, fungi or other microorganisms, but this has been frozen to 20 degrees below zero for about 20,000 years, as it was the main sample used for the job. But that was not a problem for scientists. The technique used allows to obtain an extract of all the DNA in the hair of the mammoth, break it into separate pieces and then through a computer process, the animal belonging to the Pleistocene, of that from other microscopic organisms.

Once separated, it's time to order the genetic material belonging to the mammoth. To do this, use the elephant genome as a template, allowing out, as noted above, that the sample contains between 70 and 80% of the entire genome. The rest is inferred by comparative complex procedures.

The discrepancy between the genetic makeup of the mammoth and elephant, is half that between chimpanzees and humans, which has shown the evolutionary distance that separates the living relative mammoth closer. According to the authors, both groups have been separated and evolve in different ways for more than 1.5 million years. Evolutionary distance that might make it impossible to reach the dream of reviving the "woolly mammoth" after millennia of extinction.

Charlie Sheen Shirts, Buffalo, Ny

Mars explorers try to rescue a species extinct

Artist's mammoth

first sequenced the genome of an extinct animal, the mammoth

1 ( CET) MIGUEL G. MADRID .- CORRAL

• The work opens the door to the possibility of rescuing the species from extinction
  
• They got the DNA from hair samples frozen for about 20,000 years
  

Not all tear scientific news of an occurrence or a great board full of indecipherable formulas. The story of the first obtaining the genome of an extinct animal began the discovery of a frozen mammoth somewhere in northernmost Siberia. And it ended today with the publication in the journal Nature sequencing of genetic material (nuclear DNA) of the "woolly mammoth, extinct animal that more than 3,500 years.

died a few days ago Michael Crichton, author of science fiction 'Jurassic Park' and it is inevitable that this research brings us to head to this writer. In the famous novel and the film adaptation directed Stephen Spielberg, the DNA came from blood contained a fossilized mosquito amber after biting a dinosaur. In the real case of the mammoth genome, the key has been in the remains of animal hair, a great source of genetic material.

research opens the door to the possibility of rescue from extinction woolly mammoths. However, it is still far for the current Science. Stephan C. Schuster, one of the principal authors of the research, said the potential developments which may bring the next revolution led by Craig Venter after creating first fully synthetic chromosome . "Someone like Venter can develop a quick way to transform the genome of the mammoth we have in the computer in whole chromosomes. "

That would be the first step. Then we also have to figure out how many chromosomes had the mammoth (even relatives, are not necessarily the same as the elephant, as evidenced by the fact that the chimpanzee, has a pair of chromosomes than humans) and housed in an egg I could carry it out. For now, this is just science fiction.

With mammoth hair found in Siberia, has extracted DNA which has sequenced the genome of the animal. "A genetic sequence does not a living organism," says Jeremy Austin, director of the Center for Ancient DNA University of Adelaide (Australia), "we have a partial sequence of the genome of the mammoth and a considerable number of errors, it would be like trying to build a car with 80% of the parts and knowing that some are broken."

appreciation of Austin is very successful, since research has completely deciphered only between 70 and 80% of the genome of the mammoth. "We align the sequences that we had with the available genome of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana), that way we know where to place each piece of string", says Schuster. Due to the huge similarity between the genomes of different vertebrates, whose genetic makeup already known, including human beings, "the missing pieces have been deduced by comparison with other agencies.

The procedure now used by researchers, is somewhat different from that used in the Human Genome Project. Almost any biological sample, is somehow contaminated by bacteria, fungi or other microorganisms, but this has been frozen to 20 degrees below zero for about 20,000 years, as it was the main sample used for the job. But that was not a problem for scientists. The technique used allows to obtain an extract of all the DNA in the hair of the mammoth, break it into separate pieces and then through a computer process, the animal belonging to the Pleistocene, of that from other microscopic organisms.

Once separated, it's time to order the genetic material belonging to the mammoth. To do this, use the elephant genome as a template, allowing out, as noted above, that the sample contains between 70 and 80% of the entire genome. The rest is inferred by comparative complex procedures.

The discrepancy between the genetic makeup of the mammoth and elephant, is half that between chimpanzees and humans, which has shown the evolutionary distance that separates the living relative mammoth closer. According to the authors, both groups have been separated and evolve in different ways for more than 1.5 million years. Evolutionary distance that might make it impossible to reach the dream of reviving the "woolly mammoth" after millennia of extinction.

Where To Watch Family Guy Online Ipod Touch

not pass the years by the Mickey Mouse

favorite Disney star 8 decades of life meets

Mickey Mouse

yesterday turned 80 years old, a lifetime dedicated to the smiles start smaller, although it has tweaked the ears, nose or eyes over time.The most famous mouse in the world, that originally gave voice to the Walt Disney himself, is now an icon of American culture and image of one of the great historical empires worldwide marketing.

Where To Watch Family Guy Online Ipod Touch

not pass the years by the Mickey Mouse

favorite Disney star 8 decades of life meets

Mickey Mouse

yesterday turned 80 years old, a lifetime dedicated to the smiles start smaller, although it has tweaked the ears, nose or eyes over time.The most famous mouse in the world, that originally gave voice to the Walt Disney himself, is now an icon of American culture and image of one of the great historical empires worldwide marketing.

2010 14 Foot Aluminum Boat

not pass the years by the Mickey Mouse

favorite Disney star meets 8 decades of life. Mickey Mouse

yesterday turned 80 years old, a lifetime to boot smiles among the smallest, although it has been necessary to touch up the ears, nose or eyes over time.

The most famous mouse the world, that originally gave voice to the Walt Disney himself, is now an icon of American culture and image of one of the great historical empires worldwide marketing.

2010 14 Foot Aluminum Boat

not pass the years by the Mickey Mouse

favorite Disney star meets 8 decades of life. Mickey Mouse

yesterday turned 80 years old, a lifetime to boot smiles among the smallest, although it has been necessary to touch up the ears, nose or eyes over time.

The most famous mouse the world, that originally gave voice to the Walt Disney himself, is now an icon of American culture and image of one of the great historical empires worldwide marketing.

Urine Glucose Test Strips Experiment

be added a second "extra" to 2008

Circular 36, the international service of Earth's rotation (IERS by its initials in English), notes that the December 31, 2008, at 23h 59m 59s, a second call shall be inserted "positive leap" on the scale of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Andrés Eloy Martinez Rojas El Universal Tuesday November 18, 2008
On December 31, 2008, will have an extra second to atomic clocks can be synchronized with the rotation of the Earth, which decreases imperceptibly at all times, due to forces tides exerted by the Moon. According to this Circular, shall be inserted a second call "positive leap" in the scale of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

This UTC clocks, which will signal the arrival of the new year should mark this unusual reading: 23h 59m 60s, instead of the traditional 23h 59m 59s. The "second" will be officially added in Mexico, and will take effect on the three "time zones", which are used in Mexico, according to the time difference that separates the universal time, so for example for the central area, the change is made to the 17h 59m 60s.

The reason I used "leap seconds", is currently measures time with stable atomic clocks (International Atomic Time, TAI or International Atomic Time), plus the Earth's rotation has been slowing gradually, so the day has become longer, at a rate of 1.7 milliseconds per century, mainly due to tidal forces caused by Luna.

the present period of rotation of the Earth was much shorter in the past, and will be longer in the future. It was then a rotation period of six hours, to the early Earth, and that of 4 billion years. Night and day were happening every three hours, more or less on the violent T ierra, devoid of Luna. More once formed the Moon in this gigantic collision severity, has been slowing down the Earth's rotation, until the 24 hours that we know today, and continues to do so, at which the clocks should be set such as will be the next December 31.

Urine Glucose Test Strips Experiment

be added a second "extra" to 2008

Circular 36, the international service of Earth's rotation (IERS by its initials in English), notes that the December 31, 2008, at 23h 59m 59s, a second call shall be inserted "positive leap" on the scale of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Andrés Eloy Martinez Rojas El Universal Tuesday November 18, 2008
On December 31, 2008, will have an extra second to atomic clocks can be synchronized with the rotation of the Earth, which decreases imperceptibly at all times, due to forces tides exerted by the Moon. According to this Circular, shall be inserted a second call "positive leap" in the scale of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

This UTC clocks, which will signal the arrival of the new year should mark this unusual reading: 23h 59m 60s, instead of the traditional 23h 59m 59s. The "second" will be officially added in Mexico, and will take effect on the three "time zones", which are used in Mexico, according to the time difference that separates the universal time, so for example for the central area, the change is made to the 17h 59m 60s.

The reason I used "leap seconds", is currently measures time with stable atomic clocks (International Atomic Time, TAI or International Atomic Time), plus the Earth's rotation has been slowing gradually, so the day has become longer, at a rate of 1.7 milliseconds per century, mainly due to tidal forces caused by Luna.

the present period of rotation of the Earth was much shorter in the past, and will be longer in the future. It was then a rotation period of six hours, to the early Earth, and that of 4 billion years. Night and day were happening every three hours, more or less on the violent T ierra, devoid of Luna. More once formed the Moon in this gigantic collision severity, has been slowing down the Earth's rotation, until the 24 hours that we know today, and continues to do so, at which the clocks should be set such as will be the next December 31.

Vf 0040 Creative Driver

More about black holes

Astronomers observe how the black hole of the Milky Way crushed material around

Tuesday 11/18/2008 20:31 (CET ) ELMUNDO.ES
MADRID .- An international team involving the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) has observed what happens in the environment of Sagittarius A * (Sgr A *), the supermassive black hole with a mass of four million higher than the sun, still eating matter at the center of the galaxy.

Researchers with the VLT and APEX telescopes located in Chile, have detected intense flares, a product of the clouds of tear gas that spin at high speed around the hole before falling on it. Black holes are difficult to observe, but SgrA * is a particularly challenging goal because in the center of the Milky Way there are huge amounts of gas and dust that cause the radiation emitted by objects in the visible wavelength, the type light we see with our eyes on the road are extinguished. Therefore, the study of this region must be performed at frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum capable of penetrating this veil: the more the better, since it is the only way to get a complete picture of the phenomenon. Thus the researchers have used the VLT and APEX telescopes that capture infrared and submillimeter waves respectively. This is the first time you get simultaneous measurements of lightning with these instruments.

SgrA * is visible only in infrared light for short periods of time, when shows strong flares. And as you can not predict when these events occur is not easy to observe with two telescopes that are not in the same place, because a single cloud could cover the region Sky interest. In addition, "we must be very patient," explains Rainer Schödel, Institute of Astrophysics of Andalucia (CSIC Granada). After several nights of waiting, responsible for the VLT astronomers discovered that SgrA * was activated, and its brightness increased every minute. Alerted their colleagues in the APEX and during the next six hours, found violent variations in the brightness of Sgr A *, plus four major flares.

As expected astronomers first recorded flares at infrared wavelengths, and an hour and a half later, submillimeter wave. This is due to the expansion of the gas clouds that eventually fall the hole: the speed with which revolve in the last orbits around Sgr A * is stretched, increasing its size and becoming more transparent. "At the moment we can only perceive the issue of SgrA * as a point of light. However, as in astronomical terms is close to the Earth, which is relatively large, in five or ten years, we hope to be able to directly observe the gas swirling around them, "concludes Schödel.

Vf 0040 Creative Driver

More about black holes

Astronomers observe how the black hole of the Milky Way crushed material around

Tuesday 11/18/2008 20:31 (CET ) ELMUNDO.ES
MADRID .- An international team involving the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) has observed what happens in the environment of Sagittarius A * (Sgr A *), the supermassive black hole with a mass of four million higher than the sun, still eating matter at the center of the galaxy.

Researchers with the VLT and APEX telescopes located in Chile, have detected intense flares, a product of the clouds of tear gas that spin at high speed around the hole before falling on it. Black holes are difficult to observe, but SgrA * is a particularly challenging goal because in the center of the Milky Way there are huge amounts of gas and dust that cause the radiation emitted by objects in the visible wavelength, the type light we see with our eyes on the road are extinguished. Therefore, the study of this region must be performed at frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum capable of penetrating this veil: the more the better, since it is the only way to get a complete picture of the phenomenon. Thus the researchers have used the VLT and APEX telescopes that capture infrared and submillimeter waves respectively. This is the first time you get simultaneous measurements of lightning with these instruments.

SgrA * is visible only in infrared light for short periods of time, when shows strong flares. And as you can not predict when these events occur is not easy to observe with two telescopes that are not in the same place, because a single cloud could cover the region Sky interest. In addition, "we must be very patient," explains Rainer Schödel, Institute of Astrophysics of Andalucia (CSIC Granada). After several nights of waiting, responsible for the VLT astronomers discovered that SgrA * was activated, and its brightness increased every minute. Alerted their colleagues in the APEX and during the next six hours, found violent variations in the brightness of Sgr A *, plus four major flares.

As expected astronomers first recorded flares at infrared wavelengths, and an hour and a half later, submillimeter wave. This is due to the expansion of the gas clouds that eventually fall the hole: the speed with which revolve in the last orbits around Sgr A * is stretched, increasing its size and becoming more transparent. "At the moment we can only perceive the issue of SgrA * as a point of light. However, as in astronomical terms is close to the Earth, which is relatively large, in five or ten years, we hope to be able to directly observe the gas swirling around them, "concludes Schödel.

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THE BLACK HOLES

Black holes can not swallow it all. There electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths as large that no light can enter, said Sergio Ramos Mendoza researcher at the Institute of Astronomy, UNAM.

The scholar said that if someone measuring 1.80 meters high attempt to pass through a door of a meter, "essentially bounces. Thus, a shorter wavelength than the size of the hole can be absorbed, otherwise , is rejected and no way to make her come. "

also explained that the holes are not as black as they say, they emit electromagnetic radiation, are the simplest macroscopic objects of the universe and are described by their mass, charge and level of rotation.

In making the conference "Holes do not swallow black light "at the Institute of Astronomy, UNAM physicist with graduate studies at Churchill College, Cambridge University, said that there are different types of holes.

black holes in he said, the light is attracted by gravitational force, is a phenomenon not observed in the earth, for here is not strong enough to pull it out. "Black holes may be a few solar masses, but there are also super, as those formed in the center of galaxies like ours, "Mendoza said Ramos.

holes also exist intermediate masses, and others that occurred in the first moments of the creation of the universe, because there were certain irregularities in the cosmic material that induced strong gravitational collapses that could arise.

There is no way to see black holes because they are dark, is used to detect gravitational accretion of gas or to them, because when it gets too hot undergoes thermal instability and emits electromagnetic radiation.

This is because gravity is the best way to convert mass into energy, he said.

Difference After Popped Cherry

THE BLACK HOLES

Black holes can not swallow it all. There electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths as large that no light can enter, said Sergio Ramos Mendoza researcher at the Institute of Astronomy, UNAM.

The scholar said that if someone measuring 1.80 meters high attempt to pass through a door of a meter, "essentially bounces. Thus, a shorter wavelength than the size of the hole can be absorbed, otherwise , is rejected and no way to make her come. "

also explained that the holes are not as black as they say, they emit electromagnetic radiation, are the simplest macroscopic objects of the universe and are described by their mass, charge and level of rotation.

In making the conference "Holes do not swallow black light "at the Institute of Astronomy, UNAM physicist with graduate studies at Churchill College, Cambridge University, said that there are different types of holes.

black holes in he said, the light is attracted by gravitational force, is a phenomenon not observed in the earth, for here is not strong enough to pull it out. "Black holes may be a few solar masses, but there are also super, as those formed in the center of galaxies like ours, "Mendoza said Ramos.

holes also exist intermediate masses, and others that occurred in the first moments of the creation of the universe, because there were certain irregularities in the cosmic material that induced strong gravitational collapses that could arise.

There is no way to see black holes because they are dark, is used to detect gravitational accretion of gas or to them, because when it gets too hot undergoes thermal instability and emits electromagnetic radiation.

This is because gravity is the best way to convert mass into energy, he said.

How Much Does Nichel Cost

Yemeni girl of 10 years, obtained a divorce

Tuesday 11 November, 6:39 a.m. NEW YORK (AFP) -

A Yemeni girl was honored on Monday among the "Women of the Year" by Glamour magazine in the U.S., to achieve with his lawyer to break a marriage at age 10.
American monthly magazine specialized in fashion and celebrities announced that it awarded the girl Nujood Ali because "her husband faced in court, and this year won a landmark divorce" with her lawyer Shada Nasser.
According to tribal tradition of Yemen, a 9 year old girl can marry and although the law does not allow marriage to 15, often imposed on the ancient practice law.

The award sponsored by L'Oreal the largest manufacturer of cosmetics in the world, includes a ceremony on Monday at Carnegie Hall in New York, in the presence of stars and celebrities.
Sen. Hillary Clinton, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and actress Nicole Kidman are among the other women honored by Glamour. The magazine said in a statement that rewarded "unprecedented contributions to the entertainment world, business, sports, fashion, science and politics." Were also awarded the television hostess Tyra Banks, Chanel President Maureen Chiquet, anthropologist Jane Goodall, an association of women who received the Nobel Prize, beach volleyball champions Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh, as well as the artist Kara Walker.

How Much Does Nichel Cost

Yemeni girl of 10 years, obtained a divorce

Tuesday 11 November, 6:39 a.m. NEW YORK (AFP) -

A Yemeni girl was honored on Monday among the "Women of the Year" by Glamour magazine in the U.S., to achieve with his lawyer to break a marriage at age 10.
American monthly magazine specialized in fashion and celebrities announced that it awarded the girl Nujood Ali because "her husband faced in court, and this year won a landmark divorce" with her lawyer Shada Nasser.
According to tribal tradition of Yemen, a 9 year old girl can marry and although the law does not allow marriage to 15, often imposed on the ancient practice law.

The award sponsored by L'Oreal the largest manufacturer of cosmetics in the world, includes a ceremony on Monday at Carnegie Hall in New York, in the presence of stars and celebrities.
Sen. Hillary Clinton, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and actress Nicole Kidman are among the other women honored by Glamour. The magazine said in a statement that rewarded "unprecedented contributions to the entertainment world, business, sports, fashion, science and politics." Were also awarded the television hostess Tyra Banks, Chanel President Maureen Chiquet, anthropologist Jane Goodall, an association of women who received the Nobel Prize, beach volleyball champions Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh, as well as the artist Kara Walker.